The Vulnerability of the Regional Labor Market

AuthorMihail Rarita
Pages325-334
Performance and Risks in the European Economy
325
The Vulnerability of the Regional Labor Market
Mihail Rarița1
Abstract: In the past decades, the European and Romanian economies have been strongly affected by major
changes which have influenced also the labor market: the alert pace of the international economic integration,
the creation of work division in order to protect some economic sectors, the accelerated development and
implementation of new technologies, the increase of the demographic aging trends. In the context of the
amplified labor force crisis, the present paper will analyze some d ysfunctions which have affected especially
the regional labor market: the chronic unemployment, the mismatch between the demand and the offer of jobs
and the localized consequences of the labor migration. The approach on these aspects was done in a vaster
context intended to analyze the regional labor market of Galati and Braila, starting from th e existent
imbalances on these markets. The present paper starts from the premise that the proposal of some
measurements which should lead to a balancing of th e regional working market, must take into account the
way in which the direct actors involved are defining these obstacles and opportunities for professional
(re)insertion. In order to highlight both the opinions and the perceptions of the participants on the labor
market, the research had to take place on two levels: among the groups with a difficult position on the labor
market and among the employers.
Keywords: unemployment; professional competences; the impact of migration
1 Introduction
Les transformations politiques, économiques et sociales de Roumanie dans les dernières vingt années
ont influencé de manière considérable le marché du travail. Le processus le plus frappant et, en même
temps, le plus inquiétant en ce qui concerne l‘occupation, le long des années de transition, a été la
diminution sévère de la population occupée (Borza, Popa & Osoian). Ce processus reflète les
exigences du passage à un nouveau modèle occupationnel, spécifique à l‘économie de marché, et la
manière dont les facteurs économiques, démographiques et sociaux interfèrent sur le marché du
travail. La contraction de l‘activité, la faillite des entreprises, la re-technologisation et le changement
de métier dans le secteur industriel ont déterminé une réduction sévère de l‘occupation de la force de
travail. La restructuration de l‘agriculture et, implicitement, le renvoi d‘une partie significative de la
force de travail occupée dans l‘agriculture de subsistance a eu des effets similaires. La diminution de
la population, le vieillissement démographique et l‘émigration de la force de travail de Roumanie ont
eu aussi une forte influence sur le marché du travail (Voineagu & Pisică, 2012). Dans le contexte de ce
processus de restructuration accélérée et de l‘érosion de la sûreté des emplois, le marché de la force de
travail a accumulé des tensions sociales importantes. A cause de ces déséquilibres structurels, la crise
1Associate Professor, PhD, Dunarea de Jos University, Romania, Address: 47 Domneasca Str., 800008 Galati, Romania,
Tel./Fax: (+40) 236 46.13.53, Corresponding author: rarita.mihail@ugal.ro.

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