La location-gérance, mode d'exploitation du fonds de commerce ou instrument d'optimisation fiscale?

AuthorMohamed EL GDAIHI
PositionProfessor
Pages70-78
La location-gérance, mode d’exploitation du fonds de commerce
ou instrument d’optimisation fiscale ?
Professor Mohamed EL GDAIHI
1
Abstract
The present contribution is the result of resea rch into the legal and fiscal arsenal
in r eference to the F rench a nd Moroccan law. The author wondered whether it considers
only companies taken apart or could consider the gr oups likewise. While the legi slator
makes the tax options, as it does in the Fr ench case, he encour ages gr oups to act in the
interest of the group as fiscal integra tion; fiscal optimisation is done more or less in
transpa rency. The r esult will be reversed when the group of co mpanies has neither legal
persona lity nor pr ocesses and a rrangements to allow tax sa vings, the lease under
management is a case in point. Ceases within the same gr oup can certainly achieve ta x
savings, sometimes minimizing the amount of payments, sometimes incr easing them. The
tax administra tion and the judge does certa inly the qua lification of the a cts the opportunty
of the management act, the cor porate interests of companies and groups does not take
precedence over the r ights of the public trea sury.
Keywords: fiscal optimization, ta x administra tion, lea se mana gement, fiscal
integratio n, group of companies, ta x evasion, management act.
JEL Classification: K12, K22, K34
1. Introduction
La location-gérance constitue une technique juridique forte appréciée de
certains contribuables, par laquelle le propriétaire d’un fonds de commerce
concède à un gérant l’exploitation de son fonds pendant une période déterminée2.
Le contrat de location-gérance est traditionnellement utilisé dans le
domaine des transmissions d’entreprises individuelles ; en effet, la souscription
d’un contrat de location-gérance préalablement à l’aliénation envisagée du fonds de
commerce peut s’ avérer fort profitable pour toutes les parties en présence ; mais
Comme le note Professeur Serge Nonorgue « En décidant que le loueur poursuit
sous une autre forme l'exploitation commerciale par la mise en location-gérance
du fonds, le droit fiscal évite un écueil lié à la reconnaissance d'un patrimoine
professionnel. En effet, s'il en allait autrement et qu'il fallait reconnaître à la mise
en gérance du fonds le caractère d'une cessation d'activité et, en conséquence, d'un
retrait d'actif, on se heurterait à un problème insurmontable: comment pourrait-on
admettre qu'un élément d'actif affecté par nature à l'exploitation (le fonds et ses
composantes) puisse faire partie du patrimoine privé du loueur ? 3»
1 Mohamed El Gdaihi - professor i n Business Law and Head of the company law sector, Mundiapolis
University, Casablanca, Morocco, juristeconseil.grenoble@gmail.com
2 Pierre Malaurie et Laurent Aynes., Contrats spécia ux, éditions Defrenois, 2006, p. 15.
3 Serge Nonorgue, Le loueur de fonds: encore un mal-aimé du droit fiscal ?, Bulletin fiscal, juin
2006, p. 591.

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