Scientific and technical potential: ukraine and the world
| Author | Vasyl H. Gerasymchuk |
| Position | Doctor, Professor, Head of International Economy Department Maras V. Sakalosh, post graduate of International Economy Department National Technical University of Ukraine «Kyiv Polytechnic Institute» |
| Pages | 240-254 |
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The economy stagnation of Ukraine during 90th, markets reforms of the numerous governments directed on the decision of mainly tactical tasks resulted in disparity and unclaimedness of scientific and technical potential. The potential was reached in the inheritance from Soviet Union and was formed during half of century and lost its disparity and unclaimedness in the condition of national economy. Uninvolved of scientific and technical potential of country during long period, which can be compared to atrophy of muscles of sportsman, resulted in his disparity to the requirements of global economy.
Strengthening of global competition next to the loss of considerable world markets share by domestic enterprises creates the considerable obstacles on the way of the use by them present possibilities of development, potentials. The touch upon the issue of efficiency improvement of production acquire in this situation of the special value, achievement of high economic indicators at the rational use of resources, improvement of investment attractiveness and increase of competitiveness. For the decision of these tasks the estimation of scientific and technical potential is needed as basic strategic force which provides competitiveness, with the purpose of subsequent effective his use.
It is possible confidently to assert about a presence in Ukraine of considerable scientific and technical potential, however about his realization during the last 15 years - heavy.
Problem of neighbours of countries for socialistic camp and former Soviet republics certain in relation to achieving alike or were alike. By the difference of Ukraine from Byelorussia and Russia in relation to realization of scientific and technical potentials there is the speed-up-evolutional way of development of Byelorussia due to the successful economic policy of country leadership in relation to the maintenance and increase of potential and revolutional for Russia due to the change of the world state of affairs on energy resources and due to super-profits got from sale of energy resources. Romania and Hungary unlike Ukraine did not have not internal markets which would require forming in the countries of powerful scientific and technical spheres, and not neighbor-countries, which would be interested at
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development of their potentials. In a period 1950-1990th the satisfactory rates of development of their economies were achieved due to the use of scientific and technical achievements of Soviet Union. Last two decades countries form scientific and technical potentials in the collaboration with the countries of Western Europe. However much competition in a scientific and technical sphere with the countries of South-east Asia is complicated for them as well as for Ukraine.
Approaches of determination of scientific and technical potential
Determine scientific and technical potential as the generalized description of level of development of science, engineering business, technique in a country, and also possibilities and resources which has in the order society for the decision of scientific and technical tasks [1, 2, 3].
In scientific literature exists universally recognizing of scientific and technical potential as inalienable and decision factor of economic development, his connection is marked with economic, social and other potentials of country. We present intercommunication of potentials and place of scientific and technical potential as interlacing of different potentials with the own degree of interinfluence (fig. 1 [4, 5] it is adapted by authors).
[ VEA LA FIGURA EN EL PDF ADJUNTO ]
There are a few conceptions of scientific and technical potential. Scientific and technical potential, which wider than other, is especially marked in first from them, co-operates with other potentials of society. The use of the noted potential considerably influences on scientific and technical transformation of production, instrumental in growth of economy of country.
The second conception leans against experience of entire countries of world, which testifies, what only in mutual accordance, projected and operating: technological processes, apparatus-machine facilities, the elements of organizationally-administrative forms of conduct and providing of productions can provide integrity of this technological system, create terms for including of the combined labour potential in the complement of productive forces, to form terms for the effective use of social factors of production, complete opening of creative potential of personnel, that uses facilities of labour are marked [6, p. 19].
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Analysis of approaches in relation to determination of scientific and technical potential in robots domestic and oversea authors resulted at table 1.
[ VEA LA TABLA EN EL PDF ADJUNTO ]
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Outcoming from the results of research from we consider that scientific and technical potential of E this the system, that includes to the shot, material, financial and informative resources, which has in the order science sphere and technicians which are realized effectively in certain socio-economic and organizational terms.
The most substantial descriptions of scientific and technical potential are here erected to following G scientific and technical potential: 1) as scientific and technical resources are accumulated; 2) as factor by which accumulated scientific and technical resources influence on socio-economic development; 3) as description of the productivity of the accumulated scientific and technical resources.
Researchers distribute scientific and technical potential on the following constituents [7]: material and technical, skilled, informative, organizationally-administrative. Select the following even estimations of scientific and technical potential: global (estimation of the state of scitech society on the whole), macrolevel (determination of scientific and technical potential of country), meso level (potential of region or region) and microlevel (scientific and technical potential of...
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